LIFE PROCESS(BIOLOGY)

Question 1

Why is diffusion insufficient to meet the oxygen reqirements of multi- cellular organisms like humans ?

Answer – Unicellar organisms are directly in contact with the environment so their requirement of oxygen is fulfilled by simple diffusion while the body of multi-cellular organisms like humans contains specialized cells and tissues for different kinds of functions. Hence due to complex structure of body, multi-cellular organisms can not meet the complete reqirement of oxygen by the way of diffusion because their cells are not directly in contact with the surrounding environment.

Question 2

What criteria do we use to decide wether something is alive ?

Answer- All the things which has the movements like walking, breathing or growing are generally used to decide something is alive or not but their are invisible movements like movement of molecules which results to have different functions like cellular respiration,digestion etc results formation of different molecules in living body, in short all these activities are known as life processes. So the presence of life process is the criteria to decide something is alive.

Question 3

What are outside raw material used for by an organism ?

Answer- The raw material required by an organism depends on its complexity and surrounding environment,the raw materials needed to all organisms are as follows.

Food- The food is obtained from outside of the body for getting energy.

Water- Water is used for the digestion of food.

Oxygen- Oxygen is needed to breakdown food into carbon dioxide and energy.

Carbon dioxide- Carbon dioxide is needed to plants for the process of photosynthesis.

Question 4

What processes would you consider essential for maintaining life ?

Answer- Life processes such as respiration, transportation, excretion,nutrition, reproduction etc are needed for maintaining life.

Question 1

What are the differences between autotrophic nutrition and heterotrophic nutrition.

Answer-

Question 2

Where do plants get each of the raw materials required for photosynthesis ?

Answer-The following raw materials required for photosynthesis

(i) The CO₂ enters to the cells of leaves through stomata.

(ii) Water is absorbed by the roots of plants.

(iii) Sulight is absorbed by the chlorophyll and other green parts of the plants.

Question 3

What is the role of the acid in our stomach ?

Answer – The role of acid HCl secreted by the wall of stomach to kill the bacteria ingested with the food and maintains the ph. value of stomach so that engymes could be secreted from the stomach wall for digestion of food . It also activates the secretion of digestive juices in the pancreas, which further breaks down the food before absorption of the food in the inenstine.

Question 4

What is the function of digestive engymes ?

Answer- The function of digestive engymes like amylase,lipase, pepsin, trypsin, lactase, maltase etc secreted by stomach, pancreas and small intenstine is to breakdown complex food particles into simple food particle. These simple particles can be easily absorbed by the blood and thus transported to all cells of body.

Question 5

How is the small intestine designed to absorb digested food ?

Answer- The small intenstine has millions of tiny finger like projections called villi. These villies are designed to increase surface area for efficient absorption of food. Within these villies many blood vessels are present that absorb digested food and carry it to the blood stream, then it is transported to every cell of the body.

ANATOMY OF VILLI

Question 1

What advantages over an aquatic organism does a terrestrial organism have with regard to obtaining oxygen for respiration ?

Answer- The amount of oxygen in air is higher than the oxygen dissolved in the water. The terrestrial animal do not have to breath faster for obtaining oxygen like aquatic animals because they get oxygen from the atmosphere whereas aquatic animals take oxygen from water so they are needed adaptation for getting required oxygen and thus breath faster as compared to terrestrial animals.

Question 2

What are the different ways in which glucose is oxidized to provide energy in various organisms ?

Answer- During the cellular respiration in all organism 6 C atoms molecule of glucose is broken down into 3 C atoms molecule of pyruvate. Thereafter further pyruvate is broken in different ways in case of different organisms.

STUDY NCERT SOLUTION https://futurestudypoint.com/

Anaerobic respiration- It occurs in absence of oxygen. In yeast during the process of fermentation pyruvate is converted into ethanol, CO₂ and energy.

Aerobic respiration- It occurs in presence of oxygen. In this process pyruvate converted into CO₂, water and energy. The release of energy is more in case of Aerobic respiration as compared to Anaerobic respiration.

Lack of oxygen- It occurs due to vigorous activities. Due to lack in oxygen the molecule of pyruvate converted into lactic acid and energy which results cramp in muscles.

Question 3

How is oxygen and carbon dioxide transported in human beings ?

Answer-Carbon dioxide-As a result of respiration in our body cells CO₂ is formed which dissolves in the plasma of blood, this de-oxygenated blood carried out from all parts of our body through the veins then it is transported to the lungs through pulmonary artery. In the lungs CO₂ diffused out and expelled out through the nostril.

Oxygen-Oxygen inhaled by us reaches to the lungs where it is diffuses into the blood transported by the heart through pulmonary artery and combines with haemoglobin forming oxyhamoglobin and then carried to the heart through the pulmonary veins. This oxygenated blood is pumped out by the heart to all parts of body through the arteries and thus oxygen reaches to every cells.

Question 4

How are the lungs designed in human beings to maximize the area for exchange of gases ?

Answer- When we inhale air the diaphragm which separates abdomen from the lungs dilated and as a result the lungs also dilated as air comes into the lungs . Then O₂ diffuses into blood through alveoli of the lungs which is made up of many capillaries.During the exhale the diaphragm contracted and space beween the lungs and diaphragm becomes less which makes the lungs contracted and CO₂ diffuses into the lungs through alveoli of the lungs and expelled through our nostril.
Study cbse/ ncert solution of chemistry from the following link
https://futurestudypoint.com/class-10-th-science-cbse-ncert-solution-of-lesson-5periodic-classification-of-elements/

Question 1

What are the components of the transport system in human beings ? What are the function of these components ?

Answer-Heart- The role of heart is to receive deoxygenated blood from all parts of body and send it to the lungs for oxygenation thereafter pumps this pure blood to all parts of body .

Blood – Blood is called a connective tissue because each cells of body gets nutrients, oxygen, water etc from the blood. The blood transports waste products released by each cells of the body.

Blood vessels- The blood vessels are of three kinds.

(i) Veins- The role of veins is to carry deoxygenated blood from all parts of the body to the heart.

(ii) Artery- The role of artery is to transport oxygenated blood to all parts of the body.

(iii) Capillaries- The role of capillary is to serve oxygenated blood from arteries to tissues of our body and feed deoxygenated blood from the tissues back to veins.

Question 2

Why is it necessary to separate oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in mammals and birds ?

Answer- The mammals and birds lives almost everyparts of the earth. They are required more energy for maintaining their body temperature because these kinds of organisms exist in hotter and cooler both places. The birds and animals have separate oxygenated and deoxygenated blood for getting efficient supply of oxygen. So, efficient supply of oxygen releases more energy that is required by their body to maintain body temperature.

Question 3

What are the components of the transport system in highly organized plants ?

Answer- There are two kinds of conducting tissues in highly organized plants.

(i) Xylem- The role of xylem is to cunduct water and minerals absorbed by the roots from the soil to the leaves.

(ii) Phloem- The role of phloem is to conduct food prepared by the leaves to all parts of the plant.

Question 4

How are water and minerals transported in plants ?

Answer- The root cells takes mineral in the form of ions from the soil, it makes the difference in concentration between roots and soil ,thus making a steady movment of water by the way of osmotic pressure.All xylem cells of roots, stem and leaves are connected, the water transports from one cell to other through osmosis and ultimately reaches to leaves. Transpiration(loss of water from leaves) from the leaves increases this sunction pressure, it forces the water into the xylem cell of the roots from the soil and thus maintains flow of water and minerals from roots to leaves.

Question 5

How is food transported in plants ?

Answer- The food is transported through phloem tissues. All phloem cells of leaves, stem and roots are connected. The food prepared by the leaves have more concentration compared to other parts obviously so it transported to other parts by the process of osmosis, the energy for this process is imparted by the ATP released during the photosynthesis.

Question 1

Describe the structure and functioning of nephrons .

Answer- The nephron is basic filtering unit of kidneys (cell of kidney). It is responsible for removing waste products, stray ions and excess water . The main components of nephron are glomerulus, Bowman’s capsule and long renal tubule.

→The blood enters the kidney through renal artery which branches into many capillaries associated with glomerulus.

→Blood advances into Bowman’s capsule and here water and solutes transfers to nephron.

→In the proximal tubule, some substances such as amino acids, glucose and salts are selectively reabsorbed and unwanted molecules are added in the urine.

→The filtrate then moves down into the loop of Henle where more water is absorbed.

→From here ,the filtrate moves upwards into the distal tube and finally to the collecting duct. Collecting duct collects urine from many nephrons.

→The urine formed in each kidney enters a long tube called ureter . From ureter, it gets transported to the urinary bladder and then into the urethra.

Question 2

What are the methods used by plants to get rid of excretory products ?

Answer- The excess water in the leaves excreted by the way of transpiration. The excess CO₂ and O₂ are excreted by the way of respiration and photosynthesis through the stomata of leaves respectively. The unwanted products like non starch polysaccharides and certain hydrophobic substances which are referred to as gum generally stored in old xylem or in leaves.Certain waste products stored in the vacuole of cells.

Question 3

How is the amount of urine produced regulated ?

Answer-The amount of urine produced depends on excess water and waste material dissolved in it. The habitat of organism regulates urine production in the body. The harmone such as Antidiuretic harmone (ADH) secreted by hypothalamus a part of the brain which is stored and released by pituitary glands is also acts on kidney for controlling amount of water excreted in urine.

Question 1

The kidneys in human beings are a part of the system for

(a) Nutrition

(b) Respiration

(c) Excretion

(d) Transportation

Answer-In human beings kidneys are a part of the system for excretion.

Question 2

The xylem in plants are responsible for

(a) Transport of water

(b) Transport of food

(c) Transport of amino acids

(d) Transport of oxygen

Answer- The xylems in plants are responsible for transport of water.

Question 3

The autotrophic mode of nutrition requires

(a) Carbon dioxide and water

(b) Chlorophyll

(c) Sunlight

(d) All of the above

Answer-(d) The autotrophic mode of nutrition requires carbon dioxides ,water, chlorophil and sunlight.

Question 4

The breakdown of pyruvate to give carbon dioxide, water and energy takes place in

(a) cytoplasm

(b)mitochondria

(c)chloroplast

(d)nucleus

Answer- The breakdown of pyruvate to give carbon dioxide, water and energy takes place in mitochondria.

EARN YOUR POCKET MONEY BY DOING ONLINE SURVEY & TASK JOBS

https://futurestudypoint.com/category/online-latest-job

Question 5

How are fats digested in our bodies ? Where does this process takes place ?

Answer- The fat in the food entered to small intenstine in the form of large globule (spherical pills). The bile acid secreted by the liver convert these large globule into small globule or emulsify the fat (transformation of fat into small droplets). After the emulsification of fat the lipase secreted by the pancreas further break down the fat into fatty acids and glycerol which is then absorbed by the intestine. This process of fat digestion occurs in the small intestine.

Question 6

What is the role of saliva in the digestion of food ?
DOWNLOAD MATHS PDF OF MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS OF LAST 8 YEARS QUESTION PAPERS WHICH MAY REPEAT IN 2019, 10 TH CBSE BOARD
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1DRUfQ7uN2jG3THFEDj36sJmouKux8TDG/view?usp=sharing

Answer-The digestion of food is initiated from the mouth. The saliva is secreted from salivary gland located at the bottom of tongue. The role of saliva is moistens the food and make food bolus so that the food could be swallowed easily. Saliva contains the engyme amylase which changes carbohydrate into simple sugar like maltose and dextrin which is further break down in the small intestine.

Question 7

What are the necessary condition for autotrophic nutrition and what are its byproducts ?

Answer-The autotrophic nutrition takes place through the process of photosynthesis . The required condition for photosynthesis is CO₂, water , chlorophyll pigments and sunlight. Carbohydrate and oxygen are the byproducts of autotrophic nutrition.

Question 8

What are the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration ? Name some organisms that use the anaerobic mode of respiration .

Answer-

DOWNLOAD E-BOOK OF CHEMISTRY CLASS 10 WITH A TO Z NCERT SOLUTION
https://www.paypal.com/invoice/p/#SFKHYCK5Y7B9ST7W

Question 9-How are the alveoli designed to maximise the exchange of gases ?

Answer-Alveoli has thickness of almost one cell,has balloon like structure and moist surface and surrounded by many blood capillaries,these millions of alveolies extended on surface of lungs increases surface area of lungs and provides more exposure for the exchange of gases.During inhale and exhale the ribs lifted up and diaphragm flattened air is sucked into the lungs and CO₂, O₂ exchanged through the millions of alveolies by the way of diffusion from blood to alveoli and alveoli to the blood.

Question 10

What would be the consequences of a deficiency of haemoglobin in our bodies ?

Answer- The oxygen is transported by haemoglobin from heart to all parts of body through arteries .The deficiency of haemoglobin in the blood will result less supply of oxygen in our body cell which may cause exhaustion, dizziness or shortness of breadh. Deficiency of haemoglobin may also cause anaemia.

Question 11

Describe double circulation in human beings . Why is it necessary ?

Answer- Double circulation means the heart receives deoxygenated blood from all parts of the body through the veins and transports oxygenated blood to all parts of body through the arteries. It is required to make circulatory system more efficient and maintain body temperature.

Question 12

What are the differences between the transport of materials in xylem and phloem ?

Answer-